江华一中结构化教案表
课 题 Module 6 Unit 1 grammar and usage
课型 新授课 课 时 2
教
学
目
标 知识与
技能 ① Master the usage of present tenses.
② Practice about the four kinds of present tenses.
过程与
方法 ① Make the students have a general idea of the tenses in this period by reading and analyzing the sentences from the reading text.
② Make the students master the usage of the Grammar by discussing in pairs and summing up the example sentences by themselves.
情感、态度、价值观 ① To make the students aware of the importance of present tenses in Grammar learning and English study.
② To make the students aware of some good behaviors.
重
点 the simple present tense; the present continuous tense;
the present perfect tense; the present perfect continuous tense
难
点 Some special usage of present tenses.
教
具 Multi-media
教学
过程
设计
步骤与内容部分主要填写：（1）步骤及名称；（2）关键性过渡语言；（3）关键性提问；（4）例题、课堂练习及解题方法；（5）师生行为方式；（6）各步所需时间。
步 骤 与 内 容 师生行为 时间
Step 1: Lead-in
Analyze the following sentences about their tenses.
the simple present tense; the present continuous tense;
the present perfect tense; the present perfect continuous tense
现在时态基本形式
时态 主动 被动
一般现在时 am/is/are; do/does am/is/are done
现在进行时 be (am/is/are) doing am/is/are being done
现在完成时 have/has done have/has been done
现在完成进行时 have/has been doing /
T:从阅读文章中找出相关时态的句子。既可以帮助学生复习课文内容，又可以让学生体会本堂课的目标内容。
Ss：读句子，分析句子所用的时态与原因。
T: 呈现目标，帮助学生回忆复习基本结构。
5分钟
Step3: Grammar: general knowledge of present tenses.
I The present tense Structure : be (am/ is/ are) do/ does +v.
1. 表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态,常和often, always, usually, sometimes, every day, once a week 等表示频率的时间状语连用.
他每天晚饭后散步。
He takes a walk after supper every day.
我母亲和父亲在同一家公司工作。
My mother works at the same company as my father.
我们总是相互关心相互帮助。
We always care for each other and help each other.
2. 表示客观事实或普通真理.(不受时态限制)
A couple of days ago, I learnt from my teacher that the earth moves/moved around the sun.
两天前，我从我的老师那里了解到了地球绕着太阳转。
日本位于中国的东方。
Japan lies to the east of China.
太阳东升西落。
Last night, I told my kid that the sun _____(rise) in the east and ____ (set) in the west.
Match:
1). My mother loves classical music. 现在情况
2). My father visits his parents once a week. 经常发生
3). When I was very young, my granny told me the earth is round and most rivers flow into seas and oceans. 客观真理
3. 在口语中，一般现在时常可表示按规定、时间表、计划或安排要发生的事情，常有一个表示未来的时间状语。
The exhibition ______on May 1st and ______ at the end of June. (open; close)
The plane _________at 11:30 and ________ in Shanghai at 1:20.(take off; arrive)
______there a film on tonight? (be)
4. 在时间状语从句中、条件状语从句中、让步状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作或状态。
I’ll give her the notebook ____________.
Tell me_________________________.
He will keep the work ______________________.
I can’t leave ____________________.
除非老板同意，否则我不能走。
1. 条件状语从句 if, in case, as/so long as, unless (除非)
2. 时间状语从句
when, whenever, each time, every time, as soon as, the moment, the minute, the second
3. 让步状语从句 no matter + 疑问词
Examples
You can go out to play as long as you stay in the back yard.
We will have to put off the sports meeting if it rains tomorrow.
Each time I meet him, he will give me some advice.
I’ll return the book to him the moment I see him next week.
I’ll write to him when I have finished the book.
If she hasn’t gone to bed when you see her, tell her to give me a ring.
T：与学生集体回忆其基本用法，并指导翻译。
Ss:通过改错，考察自己是否了解，是否能够归纳要点。并且通过填空，翻译的练习进行巩固。
T：归纳法。
T：引导学生通过做题对它们进行归纳复习。
Ss:大声朗读句子，体会时态与连词的同用。
II. Present continuous tense Structure be (am/ is/ are) +ving
1. 表示说话时正在进行的动作。
-what are you doing? -I am writing a letter.
It’s raining heavily now, so we must stay inside.
Recently the number of people fined for speaking on their mobile phones while
they are driving has increased greatly.
表示“在做某事的过程中”，此时动作不一定正在发生。
2. 表示目前经常发生的动作，然而此时动作不一定正在进行之中
But scientists are working hard to turn them into realities．
The write is writing a novel these days．
3. 表示按计划、方案或安排而进行的将来的动作。在这种情况下谓语动词多为非延续性动词，如come，go， leave，move，die，start，stop，arrive等，及少数延续性动词，如spend，stay等。
She is leaving for Guangzhou next week．
We are spending the whole summer holiday in Beijing soon．
4. 与副词forever，always，constantly等连用，表示赞成、厌烦、生气等情绪
She is always talking loudly at the meeting．
She is constantly changing her mind．
He is forever complaining about his salary．
She is always doing fine work at school.
Jane is always thinking of her work.
5. Notes: 以下四类动词不宜用现在进行时。
A 表示心理状态、情感的动词 like, love, hate, agree, want …
B 表示存在状态的动词 appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, belong to, depend on…
C 表示瞬间动作的动词 allow, accept, permit, promise, admit…
D 表示感官的动词 see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look…
Consolidation: 1. Translation:
John is nodding his head. 他频频点头
He is jumping up and down. 他上下地跳着。
He is being terribly friendly to us. 他对我们表现得友好至极。
The train is arriving. 火车即将到达。
The Boeing 747 is taking off. 那架波音747即将起飞。
The old man is dying. 老人病已垂危。
Consolidation: 2. Comparison:
Sound : The idea sounds great. Why is the driver sounding his horn?
See : I _____what you mean. He _________the doctor now.
Smell: The roses _______nice. I ___________ the roses now.
Lie : People _________on the beach . The city _____on the coast.
Consolidation: 3. T/F
What are you thinking about?
What are you thinking of the film?
What are you looking for?
You’re looking quite well.
Which judge is hearing the case?
She doesn’t hear very well.
We are having a discussion.
Are you have any questions?
巩固练习
1. The house belongs to my aunt but she __ here any more.
A. hasn’t lived B. didn’t live C. hadn’t lived D. doesn’t live
2. As you can see, the number of cars on our roads ___ rising these days.
A. was keeping B. keep C. keeps D. were keeping
3. I have to go to work by taxi because my car ___ at the garage.
A. will be repaired B. is repaired
C. is being repaired D. has been repaired
4. The father as well as his three children ___ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.
A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going
5. ---I don’t suppose the police know who did it.
--- Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and ___ now.
A. has been questioned B. is being questioned
C. is questioning D. has questioned
6. Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane ____.
A. takes off B. is taking off(即将起飞)
C. has taken off D. took off
7. The building around the corner caught fire last night. The police are now ___ the matter.
A. seeing through B. working out C. looking into D. watching over
8. (2003北京) Come and see me whenever ____.
A. you are convenient B. you will be convenient
C. it is convenient to you D. it will be convenient to you
9. (2004重庆卷) You can eat food free in my restaurant ____ you like.
A. whenever B. wherever C. whatever D. however
III. The present perfect tense Structure: have/ has + done
1. 表示反复发生的经历
He has hosted the show eight times.
他已经连续八次主持表演。
We have been to the Great Wall many times.
我们已去过长城多次。
2 表示动作发生在过去，但对现在仍留下某种后果和影响。
Doctors have found that people who laugh a lot live longer!
The earthquake has given him a miserable impression.
3. 表示动作发生在过去但持续到现在。
My mother has been ill for three days. 我妈妈已经生病3天。
Most of us have studied English for 5 years. 我们大部分人已经学了5年英语了。
4. 现在完成时往往同不具体的时间状语连用,如
already, yet, just, never, before, recently, lately, so far, up till/to now, in the past few years，three times, since+时间点, for +一段时间等
He has already become a comedian. I haven't seen much of him (lately).
We have seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet.
Have you ever been to New York? I have never heard Simon say anything against her.
I have used this pen only three times. It is still good. Peter has written six papers so far.
We have been good friends since primary school./ for 15 years.
注意 1：
It is (has been) +一段时间＋ since +从句
It’s/ It has been 3 years since they got married. 他们结婚已有3年了。
注意 2：
when/if
I’ll write to him when I _____________the book.
If she __________to bed when you see her, tell her to give me a ring.
Notes: 在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完
成时可以代替一般将来时。
have gone / have been
Tonny _________abroad to continue his studies.
His girl friend _________abroad many times to see him.
time
It’s the first time she has driven a car.
That’s the third time he has phoned her this morning.
It’s the first gold medal I’ve had for ages.
It/this/that is the first/second… time that + 完成时
注意 5：注意区分一般过去时与现在完成时
时间上有差异：凡有具体的过去时间，均用过去时态，不能用完成时，如：ago, last year, just now, the other day 等。
结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的动作发生在过去，和现在没有关系。
We have seen that film before. We saw that film last week.
I have cleaned the classroom. I cleaned the classroom.
It is the third time that I _______ him this month.
A. had seen B. see C. saw D. have seen
2. My friend, who ___ on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month. A. served B. is serving C. had served D. has served
3. It ____ a couple of years _____Prof. John taught at ECNU.
A. is; since B. has been; that C. is that D. was; since
IV. The present perfect continuous tense Structure have/ has been +
表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作，这个动作可能刚刚结束，也可能还要继续下去。
Chinese have been making paper for more than 2000 years.
中国造纸的历史已有2000多年了。
She has been working in Shenzhen since 1995. 她从1995年就来深圳工作了。
Doctors have been researching that question for many years.
多年来，医生们一直在研究这个问题。
Consolidation:
The children have bee watching TV all morning. 孩子们一上午一直在看电视。
She has been waiting for her boss for almost an hour. 她等她的老板等了将近一个小时。
区别现在完成时和现在完成进行时
在持续的一段时间内动作多次重复
Jim has been phoning Jenny every night for the past week.
They have been meeting together weekly for two years.
动作和现在的状况有联系
Why are your clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?
There you are! I’ve been waiting for an hour.
She is very tired. She has been working all morning.
常与long/how long/all连用
How long has she been reading the book?
He has been watching English all day.
Practice: 谁在喝我的酒？ 谁喝了我的酒？
Who has been drinking my wine? Who has drunk my wine?
不累啊？你已跳了三个小时啦！
Aren’t you tired？ You have been jumping for three hours.
Step 3: Practice
1 Read the article in Part A on page 9 and fill in the blanks with the correct tenses. Then I will ask you to report your answers to the class. You also should give the reasons why you use different tenses in the article.
Answers
1. am 2 have been writing 3 am looking 4 is 5 have been imagining
6 is 7 is making 8 has been planning 9 have designed
10 are printing 11 are going 12 is 13 hope 14 opens
2 Now do Part B individually. Pay attention to the time marker in each sentence if there is one. The time marker in the sentence is the key that will help you use the suitable tense.
1 I am performing at the comedy Club tonight.
2 I have been practicing my jokes in front of the mirror for the last three hours.
3 My family is coming to watch my show.
4 I am nervous about the show.
Ss: 观察所给出的例句，同桌之间互相讨论，并总结归纳四种语法的适用情况.
并在每一种语法之后，做相关的翻译巩固练习。
另一个班改为填空练习。
Ss: 带着情感读和体会这些句子。
S：单个学生进行翻译。
Ss:单个回答，并让该生对答案进行分析。
Ss:先让学生回忆完成时的基本用法，勾起学生的记忆，有利于归纳。
Ss:个体活动完成总体巩固练习。
T：老师引导学生由练习到归纳。
Ss:尤其注意这些特殊的考点。
T：这个理论较少，让学生朗读句子进行感受归纳。
Ss:通过看图说话，巩固所学。
板 书
设 计 Unit 1 Grammar and usage
教 学
反 思