1 conclude
vt.结束[(+by/with)]We concluded our meeting at 9 o'clock.我们九点钟结束了会议。
推断出,断定[+that]
What can you conclude from these observations?你从这些观察中能得出什么结论?
The judge concluded that the accused was guilty. 法官判定被告有罪。
(最后)决定(为)[+to-v][+that]
He concluded that he would wait a little longer.他决定再等一会儿。
He concluded to quit on pay day.他决定在发薪水这天辞职。
vi.结束,终了[(+with)]The meeting concluded after two hours.两小时后会议结束了。
【习惯用语】 to be concludeed (连载的文章)下期［次］登完
to conclude 最后（一句话）
"To conclude, I wish you all good health and a long life." "最后,祝大家健康长寿。"
conclusion n. 结束, 缔结, 结论
【习惯用语】
arrive at come to draw reach a conclusion
得出结论， 告一段落
at the conclusion of 当...完结时
come to the conclusion that... 所得结论是..., 断定
in conclusion 最后， 总之
bring sth. to a conclusion “使……结束”。
2 account n.
帐,帐目,帐单[C]
The accounts show we have spent more than we received.帐目显示我们已经入不敷出了。
帐户;客户[C]
The company is our best account.这家公司是我们的最佳客户。
记述,描述;报导[C][(+of)]
The policeman gave an account of the traffic accident.警察叙述了交通事故的经过。
解释,说明[C][(+of)]
John gave us a detailed account of his plan.关于他的计划,约翰给我们作了详尽的说明。
根据,理由[U]
He got angry on this account.由于这个缘故他生气了。
重要性[U]; 利益,好处[U]
vt.把...视为
He accounted himself lucky.他自认为很走运。
He was accounted a first-rate actor.他被认为是一流演员。
vi.报帐
解释,说明;对...负责[(+for)]
He could not account for his absence from school.他无法说清楚为什么旷课。
【习惯用语】
according to all accounts (=from all accounts) 根据各方面所说
account for 说明原因, 解释 说出(钱等的)用途, 交待(资产)下落
close an account with 与 ...结清帐目
give an account of 报告, 叙述, 说明
have an account to settle with sb. 与某人有旧帐要清算; 与某人有争执待解决
hold ... in great account 极重视
keep an account of 记录, 记载
leave sth. out of account 不予考虑, 不予重视, 置之度外
make (much)account of 重视, 看重
make littleno account of 轻视, 看轻
of (much) account 重要的(man of account 要人)
of no account 不重要的, 无价值的
on account of 因为, 由于; 为了
on all accounts (=on every account) 无论如何, 总之, 从各方面考虑
on any account 无论如何
on no account (=not on any account) 决不可以, 切莫
on sb.'s account 为了某人的缘故
on this account 由于这个[那个]缘故
on that account 由于这个[那个]缘故
open an account with 与...开一往来户头; 开了...的头
pay ... on account 把...付作定钱
settle accounts with 与...结算, 清算; 向...报仇
take account of (=take into account) 考虑, 斟酌, 计及
take an account of 把...列表, 把...登帐
take no account of 对...不予考虑; 对...不予重视
3 confirm vt. 证实;确定[+(that)][+wh-]
His letter confirmed everything.他的信证实了一切。
坚定;加强
The latest developments confirmed me in my belief.最新的发展使我坚信我的信仰。
批准,确认
The queen confirmed the treaty.女王批准了此项条约。
4 delight
n. 欣喜,愉快[U]
To our delight, our football team won.令我们高兴的是,我们的足球队赢了。
She ran back home with delight.她兴高采烈地跑回家。
乐事,乐趣[C]
He enjoyed the delights of New York's night life.他喜欢纽约夜生活的乐趣。
vt.使高兴I'm delighted that you are back.你回来了,我很高兴。
We were delighted to read your novel.我们很高兴拜读你的小说。
The clown delighted the audience.小丑逗乐了观众。
vi.高兴;喜爱;取乐[(+in)]
She delights in her work.她喜爱她的工作。
【习惯用语】
Takefind have delight in 喜爱, 以...为乐
take a delight in 喜爱, 以...为乐
to sb.'s delight 令人高兴的是...
delight in 喜爱, 以...为乐
注意：delightful adj. “令人愉快的”。
Eg. No news could be more delightful to me.
delighted adj. “愉快的”。
Eg. I’m delighted at your success/ to hear of your success/ that you succeeded.对你的成功我感到高兴。
5 cautious a.十分小心的,谨慎的[(+about/of/with)]
The old lady is very cautious with money.那位老太太用钱很谨慎。
My nephew is a cautious investor.我侄子是个小心谨慎的投资者。
The boss is cautious about making promises.老板对承诺持谨慎态度。
The schoolboys are more cautious not to make any mistakes in spelling than ever before.
男学生们在拼写时比以前更加小心,以避免发生错误。
6 skillful adj. （常与at, in连用）有技巧的；熟练的
a skillful piece of work 一件有技术的工作
He is a skilful and effortless mechanic.
他是一位很有技巧、驾轻就熟的机械修理工。
skilled adj. (=skillful)熟练的; 有技能的
7 burst vt., vi. burst, bursting
突然发生, 突然发作; 闯入
She burst through the door. 她突然闯进门。
burst with anger 勃然大怒
burst into tears 放声大哭
burst into the room 闯入房间
充满；满盈 I am bursting with joy. 我高兴得不得了。
n. 突发；猝起 a burst of laughter 突发的笑声
【习惯用语】
be bursting to do sth. 渴望, 急着要做(某事)
in sudden bursts 忽冷忽热地工作 一阵一阵地
burst away 急速四散
burst forth 突然爆发出; 喷出 ;突然出现
burst in 闯入; 突然出现; 突然...起来; 突然发作
burst into 闯入; 突然出现; 突然...起来; 突然发作
burst out 大呼; 惊叫; 冲出; 突然发作
They burst out laughing. 他们突然大笑起来。
burst with 显示富足 几乎装不下, 充满
8 record n.记录,记载[C][U][(+of)]
My wife keeps a record of our daily expenses.我太太将日常开销都记录下来。
最高纪录,最佳成绩[C][(+for)]
He broke the record for the one-hundred meter dash.他打破了百米赛跑纪录。
唱片[C][(+of)]
vt. 记录；记载;录制；录音；录像
to record past events 记录过去的事
The songs were recorded by the radio company. 这些歌曲是由广播公司录下的。
【习惯用语】
beat [break, cut] the [a] record 打破记录
hold record 保持记录
set (up) a new record 创新纪录
keep a record (of) 记下来, 记录
off the record [美]不得发表的; 不得引用的; 非正式的
in record 有记录在案
(go )on record 公开发表见解; 被记录下来
the coldest winter on record 有记录以来最冷的冬天
9 enthusiastic adj. 热心的, 热情的; 热烈的
be enthusiastic for [about] sth. 对某事热心
become enthusiastic over a research project 热衷于某个研究项目
10 concentrate on：集中, 全神贯注于
Eg. I can’t concentrate on my studies with all that noise going on.
Having failed my French exams, I decided to concentrate on science subjects.
相关归纳：（1）fix one’s … on sth.全神惯注于……；集中精力于……
Eg. He fixed his attention on what he was doing.
（2）be absorbed in全神惯注于
Eg. She was absorbed in her book while her parents were watching TV.
（3）devote … to …献身于……；全身心地投入……
Eg. He devoted all his efforts to the experiment.
Unit 2
1 puzzle vt. 使迷惑;使为难,使窘困
What puzzles me is why they didn't show up.令我百思不解的是他们为什么没有出现。
He looked a little puzzled.他看上去有点困惑。
苦思而得出[(+out)] I could not puzzle out her intentions.我猜不出她的意图。
vi.感到迷惑[(+at)]
I have been puzzling about this question for weeks now.
我对这个问题已冥思苦想了好几个星期。
苦思,冥思苦想[(+about/over/as to)]
n.(游戏的)猜谜,智力竞赛[C]; 难题,谜,难以理解之事;困惑,迷惑
Her decision was a puzzle to him.她的决定对他来说是个谜。
I'm in a puzzle as to how to cope with the new situation.我不知道该如何应付这新局面。
构成短语动词puzzle over“对某事苦苦思索”；puzzle out“开动脑筋找到解决的办法”。
Eg. She’s been puzzling over his strange letter for weeks.
The teacher left the students to puzzle out the answer to the problem themselves.
注意：puzzled adj. “无法了解的；困惑的”。
Eg. She listened with a puzzled expression on her face.
I was puzzled how to handle the situation.
puzzling adj. 表示某事“令人困惑的；莫名其妙的”。
习惯用语】
be in a puzzle 不知如何是好
cross-word puzzle 纵横填字游戏
puzzle about 苦思苦想
puzzle out 仔细考虑, 设法想出
puzzle over 苦苦思考
2 arise vi. 产生,出现,形成[(+from/out of)]
Unexpected difficulties arose in the course of their experiment.
在他们进行实验的过程中,出现了意想不到的困难。
Between the copartners serious disagreements arose.合伙人之间产生了严重分歧。
arise, rise, raise
arise：（1）vi.发生；出现；呈现（2）短语：arise out of/ from因某事而产生、造成、引起
rise：vi.主要义项有：上升；起立；起床；升起；起义等。使用关键在于其不及物动词的性质，不能跟宾语，不能用于被动语态。使用时不要受汉语意思的影响。
raise vt. 主要义项有：提升；提高；举起；增加；筹措；提出；养育；饲养等。
Exercises:
(1) Use this money when the need ____.
(2) Are there any matters ____ the minutes of the last meeting?
(3) He ____ his voice in order to be heard.
(4) Her voice ____ in anger.
(5) He ____ to welcome me.
(6) The wind ____ - I think there is a storm coming.
(7) The river ____ by several meters.
(8) The book ____ many important points for our consideration.
(9) I ____ by my aunt on the farm.
(10) He ____ a lot of money with the help of the painter.
答案：(1)arises (2)arising from (3)raised (4)rose (5)rose
(6)is rising (7)has risen (8)raises (9)was raised
(10)has raised
3 abandon vt. 丢弃;抛弃,遗弃
The crew abandoned the burning ship.水手们离弃了燃烧中的船。
The broken bike was found abandoned by the river side.
人们发现那辆损坏的自行车被扔在河边。
放弃,中止 abandon doing
He finally abandoned his reformist ideas.他终于放弃了自己的改良主义思想。
(与oneself连用)使放纵;使听任[(+to)]
She abandoned herself to despair.她陷入绝望之中。
They abandon themselves to drinking. 他们沉湎于饮酒。
4【习惯用语】
in the name of 以…的名义；为了…的缘故；凭…的权威
in the name of the law 凭藉法律的权威
He attended the party in the name of his father. 以他父亲的名义参加聚会。
make a name for oneself 出名，成名
He made a name for himself as a concert pianist.
他以交响乐钢琴演奏家成名。
name sb. for 提名某人担任(某职务) ;[美](为纪念某人)以其名字为...命名
name after 以...名字命名 ; 与（另一人）同名：
John was named after his uncle. 约翰与他叔父同名
be true to one's name 名副其实
5 push on：推动, 推进, 努力向前; 赶快；尽快
Eg. They’ve pushed all the work on me again.
We’re late; we must push on. 我们晚了，必须赶快点。
相关归纳：（1）push off：离开（不客气用语）
Eg. What are you doing in this garden? Push off at once!
（2）push one’s way挤过去
Eg. He pushed his way to the platform through the crowd.
（3）push alone继续前进；离去
Eg. It’s getting late; we must be pushing along.
push around 随意使唤；摆布；粗鲁地对待
push in 鲁莽地插话；插手
6 dismiss vt. 让...离开;把...打发走[(+from)]
He was dismissed from the hospital a week later.他一周之后出了医院。
解散,遣散The teacher dismissed the class on time.教师按时下课。
免...的职;解雇;开除[(+from)]
He was dismissed from his job.他被开除了。
If you're late again you'll be dismissed. "你如果再次迟到,就将被解雇。"
(从头脑中)去除,不考虑,抛弃[(+from)]
She dismissed the idea of going to Paris.她打消了去巴黎的念头。
【律】驳回,不受理
The judge dismissed the case for lack of evidence.法官因缺乏证据而拒不受理这宗案件。
Unit 3
1 claim n. (根据权利而提出的)要求[C][U][(+for/on/to)]
Mary made a claim to the pencil.玛丽认为她应得到这枝铅笔。
(对某事物的)权利;要求权;所有权[C][U][(+on/to)]
What claim does he have to the property?他有何权利要求得到这笔财产?
主张,断言,声称[C][+to-v][+that]
. (对保险公司的)索赔[C][(+for)]
vt.(根据权利)要求;认领;索取
The old man claimed the land.老人要求得到这块土地。
自称,声称;主张[+to-v][+(that)]
She claimed that the ring was stolen, not lost.她声言那只戒指是被偷的,而不是遗失的。
She claims to be a good pianist.她声称是位优秀的钢琴家。
值得,需要
The trend claims our attention.这一趋势需要我们予以注意。
vi.提出要求[(+on/for)]
【习惯用语】
have no claim on 没有对...要求的权利； 无资格得到
have no claim to 没有对...要求的权利； 无资格得到
make a claim for 对（赔偿等）提出要求...
注意：词语搭配：enter/ file/ make/ put in a claim提出主张（要求）；give up a claim放弃要求；lay claim to宣称
2 differ
vi. 不同,相异[(+from)]
Our tastes differ from each other.我们的嗜好不同。
Japanese differs greatly from French in pronunciation. 日语发音和法语大不相同。
She differs from me in many ways. 她在许多方面都和我不一样。
意见不同[(+from/with)]
That's where we differ.那是我们有分歧的地方。
【习惯用语】
differ from 不同于; 和...不同; 和...意见不一致
differ in 在...方面不同
differ with sb. 与某人意见不同
3 resemble vt. 像,类似[(+in)]
She was not beautiful; she did not resemble her mother.她不漂亮;她不像她的母亲。
He strongly resembles his father. 他酷似他的父亲。
Be alike to…像,类似
4 vt. 喂(养);饲(养)[(+on/with)]
We feed the birds every day.我们每天给鸟喂食。
They fed him on biscuits.他们用饼干喂他。
;投入;供给;提供[(+with)]
This moving belt feeds the machine with raw material.这条传送带供给机器所需之原料。
【口】向...提供[O]
They fed him information.他们向他提供信息。
抚养(家庭)
He has a large family to feed.他有一个大家庭要抚养。
满足(欲望等);加深(恶感等)
He did it to feed her vanity.他那么做是为了满足她的虚荣心。
vi.吃;以...为食物;以...为能源[(+on)] feed … on
Sheep feed on grass.羊吃的是草。
相关归纳：（1）feed … to… 给……作为食物
Eg. Please feed some more stewed apple to the baby.
（2）feed … with… / feed … into…提供原料
Eg. The moving belt feeds the machine with raw material/ feeds raw material into the machine.
【习惯用语】
be fed up with 吃得过饱 ；(对...)极其厌倦
be well poorly fed 吃得好[不好]
feed on 吃...过日子;从...中得到满足[供养]
feed up 供给食物[营养]; 养肥; 使吃饱
Unit 4
1 classify vt. 把...分类， 分为同一等级
classify books by subjects 按学科将图书分类
be -fied as 分成［为］...类
People who work in libraries spend a lot of time classifying books.
在图书馆工作的人花大量的时间为书籍分类。
Eggs are classified according to size.鸡蛋按大小分等级。
2 promote vt.晋升[(+to)]
Our teacher has been promoted to headmaster. 我们的老师已被提升为校长了。
The young army officer was promoted (to the rank of) captain. 那个年轻的陆军军官已被提升为上尉。
促进;发扬;引起
The Prime Minister's visit will promote the cooperation between the two countries.
首相的访问将促进两国间的合作。
promote growth [prosperity, understanding] 促进增长[繁荣, 了解]
促使(法律等)通过
Promote a bill in Parliament.促使议案在议会获得通过。
发起,创立
Several bankers promoted the new company.好几个银行家联手创立了这个新公司。
【美】宣传,推销(商品等)
Your job is to promote the new product.你的工作是促销这一新产品。
3 appoint vt. 任命,指派[(+as/to)]
They appointed him (to be) manager.他们任命他为经理。
He appointed Williams as his deputy in the city of York.
他任命威廉斯作为他在约克市的代理人。
appoint sb. to a post 派某人任某职
约定,指定;安排常与for连用）
to appoint a time for the meeting 指定开会时间
Our visitors arrived at the appointed time.我们的来宾在约定的时间到达了。
appoint a time for the meeting 约定开会时间
给...提供装备
His house is well appointed. 他的房子设备齐全。
vi. 委派职务
4 expense, cost
expense n. 花费；代价；费用，表示“花费的钱”时为可数名词。短语at sb.’s expense“由某人付钱”；at great/little/no expense“花费很大/很小/没有花费”；at the expense of“在损失……的情况下”。expensive adj. 昂贵的
cost n.价钱；价格；费用，这时和expense通常可以互换使用，cost还可以表示“代价、损失”的意思。短语at the cost of = at the expense of; at cost的意思为“按成本价格”；at all costs不惜一切代价。
Exercises:
(1) Most children in Britain are educated at the public ____.
(2) I want the best you can supply; you need spare no ____.
(3) He finished the job at the ____ of his health.
(4) He had his book printed at his own ____.
(5) House repairs, holiday and other ____ reduced her bank balance to almost nothing.
(6) The goods are sold at ____.
(7) We must at all ____ prevent them finding out about the plan.
答案：(1)expense (2)expense (3)cost/expense (4)expense
(5)expense (6)cost (7)costs
【习惯用语】
spare no expense 不惜代价
at sb.'s expense 由某人付钱
5 reward：用作名词和动词。主要义项有：报答；报偿；报酬；酬金；给某人以报酬、奖赏。用于reward sb. for (doing) sth.结构。
Eg. He worked hard without any hope of reward.
He was given a medal as a reward for his service.
Is that how you reward me for my help?
Rather than being punished, he should be rewarded.
注意：比较award v.颁发；授予；赏给。用法为：award sth. to sb./ award sb. sth. n.奖金
6 involve vt. involved, involving （常与in连用）牵涉；拖累
Don't involve other people in your trouble. 别把别人牵涉进你的麻烦中去。
（常与in连用）使陷入
be involved in disaster 陷入不幸
包括，涉及
All the children were involved in the school play. 所有的孩子都参加了学校排练的剧。
This lesson involves a lot of work. 这一课需要做的工作有很多。
使专注；使忙于[(+in)]
He was involved in working out a plan. 他专心致志地制订计划。
需要,包含,意味着[(+in)][+v-ing]
His work involves occasional journeys.他的工作偶尔需要出差旅行。
7 relate vt. 讲,叙述[(+to)]
To him we related our troubles, asking his advice.我们向他讲述了我们的困难,请他指导。
使有联系[(+to/with)]
Can you relate what happened in your childhood to your present state of mind?
你能否把你童年时的遭遇同目前的心境相联起来?
vi. 有关,涉及[(+to)]
I don't know to what this relates.我不知道这与什么有关。
符合[(+with)]
Your statement does not relate well with the facts.你的说法与事实不太符合。
相处[(+to)]
She doesn't relate well to her peers.她和同辈处不来。
She doesn't relate well to her mother.她与她母亲相处不很和睦。
8 pass away：去世
Eg. His mother passed away last year.
相关归纳：（1）pass down把……传给后代
Eg. The custom has been passed down from generation to generation.
（2）pass on将某物传交给某人；继续前进
Eg. Pass the book on to me when you’ve finished with it.
I passed her message on to her mother.
注意：英语和汉语一样，表达死亡根据不同的情况有不同的用词。普通用词为die, pass away为委婉的说法。murder为“暗杀”，kill为“杀死”，hang为“绞死”。