第二讲 定语从句
一 什么是定语从句
阅读下列句子，找出哪一句是定语从句
1. My doctor told me to live where the air is fresh .
2. Tom was sleeping when the door bell rang .
3. Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school ?
4. Can you tell me when the Flight 5571 will depart ?
在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一个名词或代词或整个句子。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。因此，通常定语从句被视为一个句子与一个名词的关系。在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。
例如：
He is the boy who often goes to school late.
注意
关系词在定语从句中的三大作用：
1. 连接作用---连接先行词和定语从句。例如：
I gave her all the money that I had .我把我所有的钱都给了他。（that 连接先行词money 和定语从句I had ）.
2. 替代作用---在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。例如：
The man who lives next door is a famous teacher.
2. 成分作用---在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。 例如：
I like pictures which are painted in the traditional Chinese style. 我喜欢传统的中国画（which 在定语从句中作 主语）。
二 关系代词和关系副词的用法
阅读下面的句子，根据从句的语法特点将其归类，幷把句子序号表格填入空缺处。
1. She is the old woman that witnessed the accident this morning .
2. Mary is the girl who works in Japan .
3. Is this the key which you are looking for.?
4. October 1,1949 is the day when New China was founded.
5. The house which stands on the top of the hill was built last month .
6. The student whom the teachers are talking about has won the first prize in the English contest.
7. He lied to the police officer, which made things even worse.
8. This magazine belongs to the teacher who teaches us history.
9. Tom is reading in the room where the others are watching TV .
10. He failed in the exam ,which surprised us all.
11. I don’t know the reason why she looks unhappy today.
12. I’ll never forget the day when I joined the League .
13. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane .
关系代词和关系副词的用法
定语从句类型 特点 句子序号
由关系代词which /that /who/whom 引导 关系代词在从句中作主语
关系代词在从句中作宾语
关系代词which 指代前句所属之事
由关系副词when /where/why 引导 定语从句中不缺主语或宾语；when /where /why 充当从句的时间、地点、原因状语。
Where 所指代的是一个抽象的地点，例如某一种情况、某一个领域。
巩固练习
完成句子
1. Alexander Bell was the man _______________________(发明电话的人)。
2. The present ____________________________________(她生日那天我送她的) is still unopened.
3. Carol said the work would be done by October.__________________________，(我对此十分怀疑)。
4. The film brought the hours to me __________________________________(当时我得到很好的照顾) in the faraway village .
5. We are living in an age ______________________________(我们生活在一个很多事情需要用电脑来做的时代)。
单项选择
1. Do you still remember the chicken farm _________________we visited three months ago .
A where B when C that D what
2. Women _______drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _______don’t
A who / B / who C who who D / /
3. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others ,_______, of course ,made the others envy him .
A who B that C what D which
4. If a shop has chairs _______women can park their men ,women will spend more time in shop .
A that B which C when D where
5 I work in a business _________almost everyone is waiting for a great chance .
A how B which C where D that
三 关系词使用的注意事项
引导定语从句的关系词的选用比较复杂。除了牵涉到所指的先行词是人还是物，所引导的定语从句是限制性的还是非限制性的，以及关系词在从句中充当什么句子成分外，还要根据习惯用法而定。
（一） 只能使用that ,who , whose 的定语从句。
请阅读以下句子，根据用法分类，将句子序号填入表格中适当的位置。
1． This is the longest bridge that I have ever seen .
2． I happened to be the thousandth guest that visited the great hotel .
3． He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited .
4． Who is the man that came this morning .
5． Which is the bag that you lost .?
6． He is the very person that the police are looking for.
7． This is the only thing that I can remember .
8． Tell us everything that you know ,please.
9． Is there anything that you don’t understand ?
10． All that glitters is not gold .
11． Anyone who breaks the law shall be punished.
12． His mother ,who loves him very much ,is strict with him.
13． Here is the boy who wants to see you .
14． Those who are against the plan put up your hands please.
15． Mary is the girl whose parents work in Japan .
16． Last week I bought a car ,whose price is reasonable .